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Monday, September 15, 2008

APJ Abdul Kalam

BE PROUD

Friday, September 12, 2008


Big Bang Members

The LHC dipole testing facility.

'Big Bang' experiment starts well


Scientists have hailed a successful switch-on for an enormous experiment which will recreate the conditions a few moments after the Big Bang.

Kalam says "Big Bang Experiment" spells no trouble

Indian space programme architect and former president, Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam said on Wednesday that the “Big Bang experiment” is an important contribution to physics and dispelled all fears surrounding it.

Scientists have embarked on the world’s biggest ever experiment in a bid to discover how the universe came about.

The worlds most powerful particle accelerator has been launched at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), based in Geneva where scientists are trying to recreate conditions just after what was known as “The Big Bang” by colliding two beams of particles at close to the speed of light.

Many news channels showed how people feared the Big Bang experiment might mean end for the world. Many newspapers and internet blogs said that people were not sure whether the experiment was safe or not.

Speaking to reporters Dr. Kalam said that the scientists are conducting the experiment after taking all precautions and the fear is media created.

“I was there, two years back, I was in the exact spot where they are doing the experiment. I have seen the facility and what they are trying to do, they want to split the particles, you know, the ions and positron and this is going to give us how we are born, how earth is born, how we are born. For physics, it is going to be a very important contribution there is no danger, it is underground,” said Kalam.

During the experiment a beam of particles will be steered around the ring by hundreds of magnets. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in an underground ring tunnel of 27 kilometres (17 miles).

At various points four massive magnets will allow scientists to analyse the extremely high-energy collisions that will occur between two opposing beams of protons, the atomic nuclei of hydrogen atoms.

The two beams will be spun in opposing directions and will attain speeds close to that of light, meaning that they will make about 11,000 laps of the circuit every second.

When the LHC gets to run at full intensity, approximately 600 millions collisions will take place every second.

Scientists hope the experiment will help them explain fundamental questions such as how particles acquire mass. They will also probe the mysterious dark matter of the universe and why there is more matter than antimatter.

Some 10,000 scientists from around the world have worked on the complex 9.5 billion dollar (USD)) apparatus since construction began in 1994.

The gigantic item, weighing nearly 2000 tonnes, the equivalent of five jumbo jets, is housed in a vast cavern 100 metres below ground at the multinational centre, CERN, which lies across the Swiss-French border near Geneva.

Some scientists say it may bring new knowledge like the possible existence of multiple dimensions beyond the four of traditional physics. Others even evoke multiple universes, black holes in space linking different levels of existence.

Wednesday, September 10, 2008

List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt

F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line
F3: Repeats the last command line
F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line
F5: Goes back one command line
F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
Alt+Enter: toggle fullScreen mode.
up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
Esc: delete line
Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.

GMail

Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.
C: Compose new message.
Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.
J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.
P: Switch focus to the previous message.
U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
Y: Various actions depending on current view:
Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.
Inbox: Archive email or message.
Starred: Unstar email or message.
Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."
Trash: Move back to "Inbox."
Any label: Remove the label.
X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."
R: Reply to the email.
A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
F: Forward an email.
Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.
G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.
G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.
G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.
G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.

Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts

Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.
Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.
Ctrl + N: New window.
Ctrl + T: New tab.
Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.
Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.
Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.
Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.
Ctrl + O: Open a local file.
Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.
Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.
Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.
Ctrl + P: Print page.
Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.
Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...
Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...
Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.
Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.
Escape: Stop loading page.
Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.
Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.
Ctrl + U: View page source.
Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.
Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.
Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.
Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.
Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.
Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.
Alt + Home: Open home page.
Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.
Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.
F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.
Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.
Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.
Slash (/): Find text as you type.

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.
Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.
Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.
Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.
Alt + Home: Display start menu.
Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.
Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.
Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.
Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.

Accessibility

Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.
Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.
Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.
NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.
Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.
6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
Win + L: Log off Windows.
Win + P: Open Print Manager.
Win + C: Open control panel.
Win + V: Open clipboard.
Win + K: Open keyboard properties.
Win + I: Open mouse properties.
Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.
Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.
Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.

Generic File Browser

Arrow Keys: Navigate.
Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.
Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. "Focus" is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.
(Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).
BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.
Alt + Left: Go back one folder.
Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.
Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).
Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.
F2: Rename selected item(s).
Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.
Delete: Delete selected item(s).
Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.
Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.
Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).
In tree pane, if any:
Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.
Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.
NumpadAsterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.
NumpadPlus: Expand currently selected directory.
NumpadMinus: Collapse currently selected directory.

Generic Navigation

Tab: Forward one item.
Shift + Tab: Backward one item.
Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.
Enter: If a button's selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.
Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.
Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter on the item's name.
Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.
Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.
Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to work in RichEdit controls.
Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.
Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.
Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.
Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.
Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.
Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.
Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.
Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.
Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.
Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.
End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.

Monday, September 8, 2008

Generic

->Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.
->Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.
->Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.
->Ctrl + N: New... File, Tab, Entry, etc.
->Ctrl + S: Save.
->Ctrl + O: Open...
->Ctrl + P: Print.
->Ctrl + Z: Undo.
->Ctrl + A: Select all.
->Ctrl + F: Find...
->Ctrl+W : to close the current window
->Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.
->F1: Open help.
->F11: Toggle full screen mode.
->Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.
->Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.
->Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.

Sunday, September 7, 2008

Windows Hotkeys

->Shift + F10 right-clicks.
->Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.
->Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.
->Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)
->Win + U: Open Utility Manager.
->Win + F1: Open Windows help.
->Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.
->Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.
->Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.
->Alt + Tab: Display CoolSwitch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.
->Alt + Shift + Tab: Display CoolSwitch; go in reverse.
->Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.
->Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.
->Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.
->Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.
->Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)
->Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.
->Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.
->Printscreen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.
->Alt + Printscreen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.
->Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OSes other than XP.
->Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.
->Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.