Monday, September 15, 2008
Friday, September 12, 2008
'Big Bang' experiment starts well
Scientists have hailed a successful switch-on for an enormous experiment which will recreate the conditions a few moments after the Big Bang.
Kalam says "Big Bang Experiment" spells no trouble
Indian space programme architect and former president, Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam said on Wednesday that the “Big Bang experiment” is an important contribution to physics and dispelled all fears surrounding it.
Scientists have embarked on the world’s biggest ever experiment in a bid to discover how the universe came about.
The worlds most powerful particle accelerator has been launched at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), based in Geneva where scientists are trying to recreate conditions just after what was known as “The Big Bang” by colliding two beams of particles at close to the speed of light.
Many news channels showed how people feared the Big Bang experiment might mean end for the world. Many newspapers and internet blogs said that people were not sure whether the experiment was safe or not.
Speaking to reporters Dr. Kalam said that the scientists are conducting the experiment after taking all precautions and the fear is media created.
“I was there, two years back, I was in the exact spot where they are doing the experiment. I have seen the facility and what they are trying to do, they want to split the particles, you know, the ions and positron and this is going to give us how we are born, how earth is born, how we are born. For physics, it is going to be a very important contribution there is no danger, it is underground,” said Kalam.
During the experiment a beam of particles will be steered around the ring by hundreds of magnets. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in an underground ring tunnel of 27 kilometres (17 miles).
At various points four massive magnets will allow scientists to analyse the extremely high-energy collisions that will occur between two opposing beams of protons, the atomic nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
The two beams will be spun in opposing directions and will attain speeds close to that of light, meaning that they will make about 11,000 laps of the circuit every second.
When the LHC gets to run at full intensity, approximately 600 millions collisions will take place every second.
Scientists hope the experiment will help them explain fundamental questions such as how particles acquire mass. They will also probe the mysterious dark matter of the universe and why there is more matter than antimatter.
Some 10,000 scientists from around the world have worked on the complex 9.5 billion dollar (USD)) apparatus since construction began in 1994.
The gigantic item, weighing nearly 2000 tonnes, the equivalent of five jumbo jets, is housed in a vast cavern 100 metres below ground at the multinational centre, CERN, which lies across the Swiss-French border near Geneva.
Some scientists say it may bring new knowledge like the possible existence of multiple dimensions beyond the four of traditional physics. Others even evoke multiple universes, black holes in space linking different levels of existence.
Scientists have embarked on the world’s biggest ever experiment in a bid to discover how the universe came about.
The worlds most powerful particle accelerator has been launched at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), based in Geneva where scientists are trying to recreate conditions just after what was known as “The Big Bang” by colliding two beams of particles at close to the speed of light.
Many news channels showed how people feared the Big Bang experiment might mean end for the world. Many newspapers and internet blogs said that people were not sure whether the experiment was safe or not.
Speaking to reporters Dr. Kalam said that the scientists are conducting the experiment after taking all precautions and the fear is media created.
“I was there, two years back, I was in the exact spot where they are doing the experiment. I have seen the facility and what they are trying to do, they want to split the particles, you know, the ions and positron and this is going to give us how we are born, how earth is born, how we are born. For physics, it is going to be a very important contribution there is no danger, it is underground,” said Kalam.
During the experiment a beam of particles will be steered around the ring by hundreds of magnets. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is in an underground ring tunnel of 27 kilometres (17 miles).
At various points four massive magnets will allow scientists to analyse the extremely high-energy collisions that will occur between two opposing beams of protons, the atomic nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
The two beams will be spun in opposing directions and will attain speeds close to that of light, meaning that they will make about 11,000 laps of the circuit every second.
When the LHC gets to run at full intensity, approximately 600 millions collisions will take place every second.
Scientists hope the experiment will help them explain fundamental questions such as how particles acquire mass. They will also probe the mysterious dark matter of the universe and why there is more matter than antimatter.
Some 10,000 scientists from around the world have worked on the complex 9.5 billion dollar (USD)) apparatus since construction began in 1994.
The gigantic item, weighing nearly 2000 tonnes, the equivalent of five jumbo jets, is housed in a vast cavern 100 metres below ground at the multinational centre, CERN, which lies across the Swiss-French border near Geneva.
Some scientists say it may bring new knowledge like the possible existence of multiple dimensions beyond the four of traditional physics. Others even evoke multiple universes, black holes in space linking different levels of existence.
Wednesday, September 10, 2008
List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt
F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line
F3: Repeats the last command line
F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line
F5: Goes back one command line
F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
Alt+Enter: toggle fullScreen mode.
up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
Esc: delete line
Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.
F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line
F3: Repeats the last command line
F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line
F5: Goes back one command line
F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
Alt+Enter: toggle fullScreen mode.
up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
Esc: delete line
Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.
GMail
Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.
C: Compose new message.
Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.
J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.
P: Switch focus to the previous message.
U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
Y: Various actions depending on current view:
Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.
Inbox: Archive email or message.
Starred: Unstar email or message.
Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."
Trash: Move back to "Inbox."
Any label: Remove the label.
X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."
R: Reply to the email.
A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
F: Forward an email.
Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.
G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.
G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.
G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.
G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.
C: Compose new message.
Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.
J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.
P: Switch focus to the previous message.
U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
Y: Various actions depending on current view:
Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.
Inbox: Archive email or message.
Starred: Unstar email or message.
Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."
Trash: Move back to "Inbox."
Any label: Remove the label.
X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."
R: Reply to the email.
A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
F: Forward an email.
Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.
G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.
G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.
G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.
G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.
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